helm-charts — скилл для Claude Code: Helm-чарты и релизы

---
name: helm-charts
description: Create, manage, and deploy Helm charts for Kubernetes package management. Build reusable chart templates, manage releases, configure values, and use Helm repositories. Use when packaging Kubernetes applications or managing K8s deployments with Helm.
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: devops-skills
  version: "1.0"
---

# Helm Charts

Package and deploy Kubernetes applications using Helm, the package manager for Kubernetes.

## When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:
- Creating reusable Kubernetes application packages
- Deploying applications with configurable values
- Managing Helm releases and upgrades
- Using third-party Helm charts
- Implementing chart versioning and repositories

## Prerequisites

- Helm 3.x installed
- kubectl configured with cluster access
- Basic Kubernetes knowledge

## Chart Structure

```
mychart/
├── Chart.yaml          # Chart metadata
├── values.yaml         # Default configuration values
├── charts/             # Chart dependencies
├── templates/          # Kubernetes manifest templates
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   ├── service.yaml
│   ├── ingress.yaml
│   ├── configmap.yaml
│   ├── secret.yaml
│   ├── _helpers.tpl    # Template helpers
│   ├── NOTES.txt       # Post-install notes
│   └── tests/
│       └── test-connection.yaml
└── .helmignore         # Files to ignore
```

## Chart.yaml

```yaml
apiVersion: v2
name: myapp
description: A Helm chart for MyApp
type: application
version: 1.0.0
appVersion: "2.0.0"
keywords:
  - myapp
  - web
maintainers:
  - name: DevOps Team
    email: [email protected]
dependencies:
  - name: postgresql
    version: "12.x.x"
    repository: "https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami"
    condition: postgresql.enabled
```

## values.yaml

```yaml
replicaCount: 2

image:
  repository: myapp
  tag: ""  # Defaults to appVersion
  pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

service:
  type: ClusterIP
  port: 80

ingress:
  enabled: false
  className: nginx
  hosts:
    - host: myapp.example.com
      paths:
        - path: /
          pathType: Prefix
  tls: []

resources:
  limits:
    cpu: 500m
    memory: 256Mi
  requests:
    cpu: 100m
    memory: 128Mi

postgresql:
  enabled: true
  auth:
    database: myapp
```

## Templates

### Deployment Template

```yaml
# templates/deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: {{ include "myapp.fullname" . }}
  labels:
    {{- include "myapp.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
spec:
  replicas: {{ .Values.replicaCount }}
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      {{- include "myapp.selectorLabels" . | nindent 6 }}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        {{- include "myapp.selectorLabels" . | nindent 8 }}
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: {{ .Chart.Name }}
          image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag | default .Chart.AppVersion }}"
          imagePullPolicy: {{ .Values.image.pullPolicy }}
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 8080
          {{- with .Values.resources }}
          resources:
            {{- toYaml . | nindent 12 }}
          {{- end }}
          env:
            - name: DATABASE_URL
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: {{ include "myapp.fullname" . }}-secrets
                  key: database-url
```

### Helper Functions

```yaml
# templates/_helpers.tpl
{{/*
Expand the name of the chart.
*/}}
{{- define "myapp.name" -}}
{{- default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
{{- end }}

{{/*
Create a default fully qualified app name.
*/}}
{{- define "myapp.fullname" -}}
{{- if .Values.fullnameOverride }}
{{- .Values.fullnameOverride | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
{{- else }}
{{- $name := default .Chart.Name .Values.nameOverride }}
{{- printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name $name | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
{{- end }}
{{- end }}

{{/*
Common labels
*/}}
{{- define "myapp.labels" -}}
helm.sh/chart: {{ .Chart.Name }}-{{ .Chart.Version }}
{{ include "myapp.selectorLabels" . }}
app.kubernetes.io/version: {{ .Chart.AppVersion | quote }}
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: {{ .Release.Service }}
{{- end }}

{{/*
Selector labels
*/}}
{{- define "myapp.selectorLabels" -}}
app.kubernetes.io/name: {{ include "myapp.name" . }}
app.kubernetes.io/instance: {{ .Release.Name }}
{{- end }}
```

### Conditional Resources

```yaml
# templates/ingress.yaml
{{- if .Values.ingress.enabled -}}
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: {{ include "myapp.fullname" . }}
  labels:
    {{- include "myapp.labels" . | nindent 4 }}
  {{- with .Values.ingress.annotations }}
  annotations:
    {{- toYaml . | nindent 4 }}
  {{- end }}
spec:
  ingressClassName: {{ .Values.ingress.className }}
  {{- if .Values.ingress.tls }}
  tls:
    {{- range .Values.ingress.tls }}
    - hosts:
        {{- range .hosts }}
        - {{ . | quote }}
        {{- end }}
      secretName: {{ .secretName }}
    {{- end }}
  {{- end }}
  rules:
    {{- range .Values.ingress.hosts }}
    - host: {{ .host | quote }}
      http:
        paths:
          {{- range .paths }}
          - path: {{ .path }}
            pathType: {{ .pathType }}
            backend:
              service:
                name: {{ include "myapp.fullname" $ }}
                port:
                  number: {{ $.Values.service.port }}
          {{- end }}
    {{- end }}
{{- end }}
```

## Helm Commands

### Installing Charts

```bash
# Install from local chart
helm install myapp ./mychart

# Install with custom values
helm install myapp ./mychart -f custom-values.yaml

# Install with value overrides
helm install myapp ./mychart \
  --set replicaCount=3 \
  --set image.tag=2.0.0

# Install in specific namespace
helm install myapp ./mychart -n production --create-namespace

# Dry run to preview
helm install myapp ./mychart --dry-run --debug
```

### Managing Releases

```bash
# List releases
helm list
helm list -A  # All namespaces

# Upgrade release
helm upgrade myapp ./mychart
helm upgrade myapp ./mychart -f new-values.yaml

# Rollback
helm rollback myapp 1
helm history myapp

# Uninstall
helm uninstall myapp
```

### Chart Development

```bash
# Create new chart
helm create mychart

# Lint chart
helm lint ./mychart

# Template locally (debug)
helm template myapp ./mychart

# Package chart
helm package ./mychart

# Update dependencies
helm dependency update ./mychart
```

## Repositories

```bash
# Add repository
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami

# Update repositories
helm repo update

# Search charts
helm search repo postgresql
helm search hub prometheus

# Install from repo
helm install postgres bitnami/postgresql

# Show chart info
helm show values bitnami/postgresql
```

## Advanced Features

### Hooks

```yaml
# templates/pre-install-job.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: {{ include "myapp.fullname" . }}-migration
  annotations:
    "helm.sh/hook": pre-install,pre-upgrade
    "helm.sh/hook-weight": "-5"
    "helm.sh/hook-delete-policy": hook-succeeded
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: migrate
        image: "{{ .Values.image.repository }}:{{ .Values.image.tag }}"
        command: ["./migrate.sh"]
      restartPolicy: Never
```

### Tests

```yaml
# templates/tests/test-connection.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: "{{ include "myapp.fullname" . }}-test-connection"
  annotations:
    "helm.sh/hook": test
spec:
  containers:
    - name: wget
      image: busybox
      command: ['wget']
      args: ['{{ include "myapp.fullname" . }}:{{ .Values.service.port }}']
  restartPolicy: Never
```

```bash
# Run tests
helm test myapp
```

### Library Charts

```yaml
# Chart.yaml
apiVersion: v2
name: mylib
type: library
version: 1.0.0
```

```yaml
# Using library chart
dependencies:
  - name: mylib
    version: "1.x.x"
    repository: "file://../mylib"
```

## OCI Registry Support

```bash
# Login to registry
helm registry login registry.example.com

# Push chart to OCI registry
helm push mychart-1.0.0.tgz oci://registry.example.com/charts

# Pull from OCI registry
helm pull oci://registry.example.com/charts/mychart --version 1.0.0

# Install from OCI
helm install myapp oci://registry.example.com/charts/mychart
```

## Common Issues

### Issue: YAML Indentation Errors
**Problem**: Template renders with wrong indentation
**Solution**: Use `nindent` helper function

```yaml
{{- toYaml .Values.resources | nindent 12 }}
```

### Issue: Values Not Applying
**Problem**: Custom values not reflected
**Solution**: Check value paths, use `--debug` flag

```bash
helm template myapp ./mychart --debug
```

### Issue: Dependency Errors
**Problem**: Chart dependencies not found
**Solution**: Run `helm dependency update`

### Issue: Release Already Exists
**Problem**: Cannot install, release exists
**Solution**: Use `helm upgrade --install`

```bash
helm upgrade --install myapp ./mychart
```

## Best Practices

- Use semantic versioning for charts
- Provide comprehensive default values
- Document all values in values.yaml with comments
- Use helper templates for repeated patterns
- Implement chart tests
- Use .helmignore to exclude unnecessary files
- Pin dependency versions
- Use `helm lint` in CI pipelines

## Related Skills

- [kubernetes-ops](../kubernetes-ops/) - K8s fundamentals
- [argocd-gitops](../argocd-gitops/) - GitOps with Helm
- [kustomize](../kustomize/) - Alternative templating